🍊 Citrus Fruit

Particular	Answer
Botanical Genus	Citrus
Family	Rutaceae
Chromosome Number	2n = 18
Fruit Type	Hesperidium ⭐⭐⭐
Pollination	Mostly cross-pollinated (some self-compatible)
Propagation	Budding (T-budding/Shield budding) ⭐⭐⭐
Rootstock	Rangpur lime, Rough lemon, Trifoliate orange, Carrizo citrange

Crop	Origin
Citrus (General)	South-East Asia (India–China–Myanmar region)
Sweet Orange	China
Mandarin	China
Lemon	India
Lime	India/Malaysia
Grapefruit	Barbados
Pummelo	Malaysia/Indonesia

Crop	Scientific Name
Sweet Orange	Citrus sinensis ⭐⭐⭐
Mandarin Orange	Citrus reticulata ⭐⭐⭐
Lemon	Citrus limon ⭐⭐⭐
Acid Lime	Citrus aurantifolia ⭐⭐⭐
Grapefruit	Citrus paradisi
Pummelo	Citrus maxima
Citron	Citrus medica
Rough Lemon	Citrus jambhiri
Rangpur Lime	Citrus limonia
Trifoliate Orange	Poncirus trifoliata (Rootstock)

Parameter	Requirement
Climate	Tropical to Subtropical
Optimum Temperature	20–30°C
Rainfall	750–1200 mm
Frost	Harmful

Parameter	Requirement
Soil	Well-drained sandy loam to loam
Soil pH	5.5–7.5
Waterlogging	Not tolerated

Method	Importance
T-Budding (Shield Budding) ⭐⭐⭐	Most common
Patch Budding	Commercial
Softwood Grafting	Occasionally used
Seed	Rootstock raising only

Rootstock	Special Feature
Rough Lemon	Vigorous, drought tolerant
Rangpur Lime	Drought tolerant
Trifoliate Orange	Cold tolerant
Carrizo Citrange	Disease resistant
Cleopatra Mandarin	Salt tolerant

Nutrient	Recommendation
FYM	20–30 kg/tree/year
Nitrogen	400–600 g/tree
Phosphorus	200–300 g/tree
Potassium	200–300 g/tree
Zinc	Spray if deficient
Boron	Improves fruit set

Biofertilizer	Function
Azotobacter	Nitrogen fixation
PSB	Solubilizes phosphorus
VAM	Improves phosphorus uptake

Particular	Answer
Best Method	Drip Irrigation ⭐⭐⭐
Critical Stage	Flowering & Fruit Development
Water Requirement	Moderate

Method	Recommendation
Mulching	Recommended
Hand Weeding	Common
Herbicide	Glyphosate (directed spray only)

Disease	Causal Organism
Citrus Canker ⭐⭐⭐	Xanthomonas citri
Citrus Greening (HLB) ⭐⭐⭐	Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus
Gummosis	Phytophthora spp.
Tristeza Virus	Citrus tristeza virus (CTV)

Pest	Scientific Name
Citrus Psylla ⭐⭐⭐	Diaphorina citri
Citrus Leaf Miner	Phyllocnistis citrella
Citrus Blackfly	Aleurocanthus woglumi
Fruit Fly	Bactrocera dorsalis
Aphid	Toxoptera citricida

Disorder	Cause
Fruit Drop	Water stress
Granulation	High temperature & delayed harvest
Splitting	Moisture fluctuation
Zinc Deficiency	Little leaf, chlorosis

Particular	Recommendation
Bearing Starts	3–5 years
Harvesting	Mature fruits with full colour
Harvesting Method	Hand clipping

Crop	Yield
Sweet Orange	20–30 t/ha
Mandarin	15–25 t/ha
Lemon/Lime	10–20 t/ha

Parameter	Recommendation
Temperature	4–8°C
Relative Humidity	85–90%

Variety	Feature
Blood Red	Popular
Mosambi (Mausambi) ⭐⭐⭐	Sweet, commercial
Jaffa	Export quality
Valencia Late	Juice purpose

Variety	Feature
Nagpur Mandarin ⭐⭐⭐	Most famous
Coorg Mandarin	Karnataka
Khasi Mandarin	North-East India
Darjeeling Mandarin	West Bengal

Variety	Feature
Pant Lemon-1	High yield
Pant Lemon-2	Improved
Eureka	Commercial
Lisbon	Export variety

Variety	Feature
Kagzi Lime ⭐⭐⭐	Most popular
PKM-1	High yielding
Vikram	Commercial

Institute	Location
ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute (CCRI)	Nagpur, Maharashtra ⭐⭐⭐
ICAR-CISH	Lucknow
ICAR-IIHR	Bengaluru

Particular	Answer
Largest Producer	China
India Rank	Among top producers
Major Citrus States	Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Karnataka

Term	Meaning
Hesperidium ⭐⭐⭐	Fruit type of citrus
T-Budding	Commercial propagation
Rootstock	Used for budding
Granulation	Juice sacs become hard
Gummosis	Gum oozing disease

Question	Answer
Family	Rutaceae
Fruit Type	Hesperidium
Chromosome Number	2n = 18
Best Propagation	T-Budding
Major Disease	Citrus Canker
Major Bacterial Disease	Citrus Canker
Major Viral Disease	Tristeza
Major Pest	Citrus Psylla
HLB	Citrus Greening
Best Rootstock	Rough Lemon
Best Irrigation	Drip
Famous Mandarin	Nagpur Mandarin
Famous Sweet Orange	Mosambi
Famous Lime	Kagzi Lime
Research Institute	CCRI Nagpur

Question	Answer
Fruit type of citrus	Hesperidium
Family of citrus	Rutaceae
Best propagation method	T-Budding
Major bacterial disease	Citrus Canker
Major insect pest	Citrus Psylla
Scientific name of sweet orange	Citrus sinensis
Scientific name of mandarin	Citrus reticulata
Famous orange of India	Nagpur Mandarin
Best lime variety	Kagzi Lime
Citrus research institute	CCRI, Nagpur

Topic	Remember
Family	Rutaceae
Fruit Type	Hesperidium
Chromosome Number	2n = 18
Propagation	T-Budding (Shield Budding)
Major Disease	Citrus Canker
HLB	Citrus Greening
Major Pest	Citrus Psylla
Best Rootstock	Rough Lemon
Famous Mandarin	Nagpur Mandarin
Famous Sweet Orange	Mosambi (Mausambi)
Famous Lime	Kagzi Lime
Major Research Institute	ICAR-CCRI, Nagpur
Largest Producer	China