🥥 Coconut (Cocos nucifera)

Particular	Answer
Scientific Name	Cocos nucifera L.
Family	Arecaceae (Palmae) ⭐⭐⭐
Chromosome Number	2n = 32
Fruit Type	Fibrous Drupe ⭐⭐⭐
Edible Portion	Endosperm (Kernel & Coconut Water)
Pollination	Mostly Cross-pollinated
Propagation	Seed (Nuts)
Economic Life	60–80 years (up to 100 years)

Particular	Answer
Centre of Origin	Indo-Malayan Region (South-East Asia) ⭐⭐⭐
Alternative View	Indo-Pacific Region

Parameter	Requirement
Climate	Tropical
Temperature	27 ± 5°C
Rainfall	1000–2500 mm
Relative Humidity	70–80%
Frost	Not tolerated

Parameter	Requirement
Soil Type	Sandy loam, Laterite, Alluvial
Soil pH	5.2–8.0
Drainage	Well drained

Particular	Recommendation
Planting Season	June–July
Pit Size	1 × 1 × 1 m
Spacing	7.5 × 7.5 m ⭐⭐⭐
Plant Population	175 palms/ha
Propagation	Seed Nuts

Nutrient	Recommendation (Bearing Palm/Year)
FYM	25–50 kg
Nitrogen	500 g
Phosphorus	320 g P₂O₅
Potassium	1200 g K₂O ⭐⭐⭐

Biofertilizer	Function
Azospirillum	Nitrogen fixation
PSB	Phosphorus solubilization
VAM	Better phosphorus uptake

Particular	Answer
Best Method	Drip Irrigation ⭐⭐⭐
Critical Stage	Flowering & Nut Development
Irrigation Interval	5–7 days (summer)

Method	Recommendation
Mulching	Highly recommended
Intercropping	Common practice
Herbicide	Glyphosate (directed spray)

Common intercrops: Banana, Pineapple, Cocoa, Black Pepper, Ginger, Turmeric.

Disease	Causal Organism
Bud Rot ⭐⭐⭐	Phytophthora palmivora
Stem Bleeding	Thielaviopsis paradoxa
Root Wilt	Phytoplasma
Leaf Rot	Colletotrichum spp.

Pest	Scientific Name
Rhinoceros Beetle ⭐⭐⭐	Oryctes rhinoceros
Red Palm Weevil ⭐⭐⭐	Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
Black-headed Caterpillar	Opisina arenosella
Eriophyid Mite	Aceria guerreronis

Disorder	Cause
Button Shedding ⭐⭐⭐	Moisture stress & nutrient deficiency
Nut Cracking	Boron deficiency
Poor Nut Set	Water stress

Particular	Recommendation
Bearing Starts	6–8 years
Tender Coconut Harvest	6–7 months
Mature Nut Harvest	11–12 months
Harvest Interval	Every 45–60 days

Type	Yield
Tall Variety	70–100 nuts/palm/year
Dwarf Variety	80–120 nuts/palm/year
Hybrid	120–150 nuts/palm/year

Parameter	Recommendation
Mature Nuts	Cool & dry place
Storage Life	2–3 months

Dehusking → Grading → Copra preparation → Coconut oil extraction → Packaging

Variety	Feature
West Coast Tall (WCT) ⭐⭐⭐	Most popular
East Coast Tall (ECT)	High yielding
Tiptur Tall	Karnataka
Laccadive Ordinary	Coastal

Variety	Feature
Chowghat Orange Dwarf (COD) ⭐⭐⭐	Early bearing
Chowghat Green Dwarf	Kerala
Malayan Yellow Dwarf	Commercial
Malayan Green Dwarf	Popular

Hybrid	Cross
Chandra Sankara	COD × WCT
Kera Sankara	WCT × COD

Institute	Location
ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) ⭐⭐⭐	Kasaragod, Kerala
Coconut Development Board (CDB) ⭐⭐⭐	Kochi, Kerala

Particular	Answer
Largest Producer	Indonesia
2nd Largest	Philippines
3rd Largest	India
Major Indian States	Kerala ⭐⭐⭐, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh

Term	Meaning
Copra ⭐⭐⭐	Dried kernel
Coir ⭐⭐⭐	Fibre from husk
Coconut Water	Liquid endosperm
Coconut Kernel	Solid endosperm

Question	Answer
Scientific Name	Cocos nucifera
Family	Arecaceae
Fruit Type	Fibrous Drupe
Edible Portion	Endosperm
Origin	Indo-Malayan Region
Propagation	Seed Nuts
Spacing	7.5 × 7.5 m
Major Disease	Bud Rot
Major Pest	Rhinoceros Beetle
Major Weevil	Red Palm Weevil
Best Irrigation	Drip
Most Popular Tall Variety	West Coast Tall
Famous Dwarf	Chowghat Orange Dwarf
Research Institute	ICAR-CPCRI
Development Board	Coconut Development Board
Copra	Dried Kernel
Coir	Fibre from Husk

Question	Answer
Scientific name of coconut	Cocos nucifera
Family	Arecaceae
Fruit type	Fibrous Drupe
Edible portion	Endosperm
Major disease	Bud Rot
Major insect pest	Rhinoceros Beetle
Best propagation	Seed nuts
Spacing	7.5 × 7.5 m
Tall variety	West Coast Tall
Dwarf variety	Chowghat Orange Dwarf
Research institute	ICAR-CPCRI
Coconut fibre	Coir
Dried kernel	Copra

Topic	Remember
Scientific Name	Cocos nucifera
Family	Arecaceae
Fruit Type	Fibrous Drupe
Edible Portion	Endosperm
Propagation	Seed Nuts
Spacing	7.5 × 7.5 m
Major Disease	Bud Rot
Major Pest	Rhinoceros Beetle
Major Weevil	Red Palm Weevil
Tall Variety	West Coast Tall
Dwarf Variety	Chowghat Orange Dwarf
Hybrid	Chandra Sankara
Research Institute	ICAR-CPCRI, Kasaragod
Coconut Board	Coconut Development Board, Kochi
Copra	Dried Kernel
Coir	Fibre from Husk