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RPSC Agriculture Entomology Notes 2026
Introduction to Entomology
Entomology is the branch of agricultural science that deals with the study of insects. It is one of the most important subjects for RPSC Agriculture Exam, AO, AFO, ICAR JRF, SRF and other agriculture competitive examinations.
Definition
Entomology is the scientific study of insects including their morphology, classification, biology, ecology and management.
One Liner
- Father of Entomology → William Kirby
- Father of Indian Entomology → H. Maxwell Lefroy
- Scientific study of insects → Entomology
- Economic insects affect agriculture positively or negatively.
Importance of Agricultural Entomology
Agricultural entomology mainly focuses on insect pests that damage crops and beneficial insects that help agriculture.
Harmful Effects of Insects
- Damage crops
- Reduce yield
- Spread diseases
- Damage stored grains
Beneficial Effects
- Pollination
- Honey production
- Silk production
- Biological control
One Liner
- Honey bee is beneficial insect.
- Silkworm produces silk.
- Lac insect produces lac.
Classification of Insects
Phylum
Arthropoda
Class
Insecta
Characteristics of Insects
- Body divided into head, thorax and abdomen
- Three pairs of legs
- One pair of antennae
- Compound eyes
One Liner
- Insects have six legs.
- Body segmentation is important feature.
- Insects are cold blooded animals.
External Morphology of Insects
Head
Contains mouthparts, antennae and eyes.
Thorax
Contains legs and wings.
Abdomen
Contains reproductive and digestive organs.
One Liner
- Thorax has three segments.
- Wings arise from thorax.
- Abdomen lacks legs in adult insects.
Types of Mouth Parts
Biting and Chewing
Example: Grasshopper
Piercing and Sucking
Example: Aphid
Siphoning
Example: Butterfly
Sponging
Example: Housefly
One Liner
- Mosquito has piercing sucking mouthparts.
- Butterfly has siphoning mouthparts.
- Housefly has sponging mouthparts.
Metamorphosis in Insects
Metamorphosis means change in form during development.
Types
1. Ametabolous
No metamorphosis.
2. Paurometabolous
Gradual metamorphosis.
3. Holometabolous
Complete metamorphosis.
Stages of Complete Metamorphosis
Egg → Larva → Pupa → Adult
One Liner
- Butterfly shows complete metamorphosis.
- Grasshopper shows incomplete metamorphosis.
- Pupa stage absent in incomplete metamorphosis.
Types of Larvae
Polypod
Example: Caterpillar
Oligopod
Example: Beetle grub
Apodous
Example: Maggot
One Liner
- Caterpillar is polypod larva.
- Maggot lacks legs.
- Grubs are beetle larvae.
Pupa Types
Obtect Pupa
Example: Butterfly
Exarate Pupa
Example: Beetle
Coarctate Pupa
Example: Housefly
One Liner
- Housefly has coarctate pupa.
- Butterfly has obtect pupa.
Classification of Insect Pests Based on Feeding
Chewing Insects
Eat plant tissues.
Sucking Insects
Suck plant sap.
Boring Insects
Make holes in stems/fruits.
One Liner
- Stem borer is internal feeder.
- Aphid is sap feeder.
- Termites damage roots and wood.
Important Orders of Insects
Orthoptera
Grasshopper and locust.
Lepidoptera
Butterflies and moths.
Coleoptera
Beetles.
Diptera
Flies and mosquitoes.
Hymenoptera
Bees and wasps.
One Liner
- Coleoptera is largest insect order.
- Lepidoptera have scaly wings.
- Diptera have one pair of wings.
Economic Threshold Level (ETL)
ETL is pest population level at which control measures should be started.
Economic Injury Level (EIL)
Lowest pest population causing economic loss.
One Liner
- ETL comes before EIL.
- IPM depends on ETL concept.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
IPM is eco-friendly pest management combining all suitable methods.
Components of IPM
- Cultural control
- Mechanical control
- Biological control
- Chemical control
Advantages
- Reduces pesticide use
- Environment friendly
- Sustainable agriculture
One Liner
- IPM minimizes environmental pollution.
- Biological control is important part of IPM.
- Neem products are used in IPM.
Biological Control
Use of natural enemies to control pests.
Predators
Example: Ladybird beetle
Parasitoids
Example: Trichogramma
Pathogens
Example: Beauveria bassiana
One Liner
- Trichogramma controls lepidopteran eggs.
- Chrysoperla is predator.
- Beauveria bassiana is fungal bioagent.
Chemical Control
Use of insecticides to manage pests.
Types of Insecticides
Contact Insecticides
Kill on contact.
Systemic Insecticides
Absorbed by plants.
Stomach Poisons
Kill after ingestion.
Fumigants
Kill through respiration.
One Liner
- Malathion is organophosphate insecticide.
- Imidacloprid is systemic insecticide.
- DDVP is fumigant insecticide.
Classification of Insecticides
Organochlorines
Example: DDT
Organophosphates
Example: Malathion
Carbamates
Example: Carbaryl
Pyrethroids
Example: Cypermethrin
One Liner
- DDT is persistent insecticide.
- Pyrethroids act quickly.
- Carbaryl is carbamate insecticide.
Important Crop Pests
Rice Pests
Stem Borer
Scientific Name: Scirpophaga incertulas
Symptoms
- Dead heart
- White ear
One Liner
- Dead heart symptom in rice due to stem borer.
Brown Plant Hopper
Scientific Name: Nilaparvata lugens
Symptoms
- Hopper burn
One Liner
- BPH transmits grassy stunt virus.
Cotton Pests
Pink Bollworm
Scientific Name: Pectinophora gossypiella
Symptoms
Damages cotton bolls.
One Liner
- Pink bollworm attacks cotton bolls.
Whitefly
Scientific Name: Bemisia tabaci
Symptoms
Sap sucking and virus transmission.
One Liner
- Whitefly transmits leaf curl virus.
Wheat Pests
Termite
Damages roots and stems.
One Liner
- Chlorpyrifos used against termites.
Sugarcane Pests
Early Shoot Borer
Symptoms
Dead hearts in sugarcane.
One Liner
- Early shoot borer affects young sugarcane crop.
Pulses Pests
Gram Pod Borer
Scientific Name: Helicoverpa armigera
Symptoms
Feeds on pods and grains.
One Liner
- Helicoverpa is polyphagous pest.
Mustard Pests
Mustard Aphid
Scientific Name: Lipaphis erysimi
Symptoms
Sap sucking and curling.
One Liner
- Aphids reproduce rapidly by parthenogenesis.
Storage Pests
Rice Weevil
Scientific Name: Sitophilus oryzae
Khapra Beetle
Scientific Name: Trogoderma granarium
One Liner
- Khapra beetle is serious storage pest.
- Aluminium phosphide used in storage fumigation.
Beneficial Insects
Honey Bee
Species
- Apis dorsata
- Apis cerana indica
- Apis mellifera
Importance
- Pollination
- Honey production
One Liner
- Apis mellifera is Italian bee.
- Bee keeping is called apiculture.
Silkworm
Importance
Silk production.
One Liner
- Sericulture = silk farming.
- Mulberry silkworm → Bombyx mori
Lac Insect
Scientific Name
Kerria lacca
One Liner
- Lac cultivation is called lac culture.
Insect Ecology
Study of relationship between insects and environment.
Abiotic Factors
- Temperature
- Humidity
- Rainfall
Biotic Factors
- Predators
- Parasites
- Host plants
One Liner
- High humidity favors many insect pests.
- Temperature affects insect development.
Pheromones
Chemical substances released for communication.
Uses
- Pest monitoring
- Mass trapping
One Liner
- Sex pheromones used in traps.
- Pheromone traps used in IPM.
Insecticides Resistance
Ability of insects to survive insecticide dose.
Causes
- Repeated use of same insecticide.
Prevention
- Rotation of chemicals
- Integrated pest management
One Liner
- Overuse of pesticides causes resistance.
Sprayers and Dusters
Sprayers
Apply liquid pesticides.
Dusters
Apply dust formulations.
One Liner
- Knapsack sprayer widely used.
- ULV spraying uses very low volume.
Insect Vectors of Plant Diseases
Aphids
Transmit viral diseases.
Whitefly
Transmits leaf curl virus.
Leafhopper
Transmits grassy stunt disease.
One Liner
- Insects spread viral diseases rapidly.
Advanced Concepts for Competitive Exams
Sterile Male Technique
Sterile insects released to reduce population.
One Liner
- Used successfully against fruit flies.
Juvenile Hormone
Controls insect development.
One Liner
- Juvenile hormone maintains larval characters.
Ecdysone Hormone
Molting hormone in insects.
One Liner
- Ecdysone initiates molting.
Diapause
Dormant stage in insects.
One Liner
- Diapause helps insects survive unfavorable conditions.
Common Scientific Names
- Rice stem borer → Scirpophaga incertulas
- Gram pod borer → Helicoverpa armigera
- Cotton whitefly → Bemisia tabaci
- Mustard aphid → Lipaphis erysimi
- Rice weevil → Sitophilus oryzae
- Lac insect → Kerria lacca
Important One Liner Revision
- Father of Entomology → William Kirby
- Scientific study of insects → Entomology
- Insects belong to → Arthropoda
- Number of legs in insects → 6
- Butterfly mouthpart → Siphoning
- Housefly mouthpart → Sponging
- Honey bee farming → Apiculture
- Silk farming → Sericulture
- Lac insect produces → Lac
- ETL comes before → EIL
- Complete metamorphosis → Egg-Larva-Pupa-Adult
- Beauveria bassiana → Fungal bioagent
- Trichogramma → Parasitoid
- Chrysoperla → Predator
- DDT → Organochlorine
- Malathion → Organophosphate
- Cypermethrin → Pyrethroid
- Whitefly transmits → Leaf curl virus
- Helicoverpa → Pod borer
- Pheromone traps used in → IPM
- Juvenile hormone maintains → Larval stage
- Molting hormone → Ecdysone
- Diapause → Dormancy
Conclusion
Entomology is a highly scoring subject in RPSC Agriculture Exam and other agriculture competitive examinations. Questions are frequently asked from insect morphology, metamorphosis, economic pests, beneficial insects, biological control, IPM, insecticides and scientific names. Proper conceptual understanding along with one-liner revision helps students score better marks in competitive agriculture exams.
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