Sugarcane Crop Quiz – 20 Questions
Sugarcane Crop Complete Notes 2026 for Agriculture Exams
गन्ना (Sugarcane) फसल सम्पूर्ण नोट्स 2026 – कृषि परीक्षाओं के लिए
Sugarcane Crop Notes 2026 Introduction
Sugarcane Crop Notes 2026 Climate and Soil
Sugarcane Crop Notes 2026 Important Varieties
Sugarcane Crop Notes 2026 Irrigation Management
Sugarcane Crop Notes 2026 Fertilizer Management
Sugarcane Crop Notes 2026 Diseases and Pest Management
Sugarcane Crop Notes 2026 Research Institutes
Sugarcane Crop Notes 2026 Important One Liner Questions
Introduction of Sugarcane
गन्ना का परिचय
Sugarcane is one of the most important commercial cash crops of India and the world. It is mainly cultivated for sugar, jaggery, ethanol, and molasses production. India is one of the largest producers of sugarcane globally.
गन्ना भारत एवं विश्व की प्रमुख नकदी फसलों में से एक है। इसका उपयोग चीनी, गुड़, एथेनॉल एवं शीरा (Molasses) बनाने में किया जाता है। भारत विश्व के प्रमुख गन्ना उत्पादक देशों में शामिल है।
Scientific Classification
वैज्ञानिक वर्गीकरण
| Particular | Details |
|---|---|
| Scientific Name | Saccharum officinarum |
| Family | Poaceae / Gramineae |
| Chromosome Number | 2n = 80 |
| Origin | New Guinea |
Importance of Sugarcane
गन्ने का महत्व
- Major cash crop
- Source of sugar production
- Used for jaggery and khandsari
- Ethanol production
- Molasses used in alcohol industry
- Bagasse used for paper and electricity generation
गन्ना भारत की प्रमुख नकदी फसल है तथा चीनी उद्योग का आधार है।
Major Sugarcane Producing Countries
प्रमुख गन्ना उत्पादक देश
Top Producing Countries:
- Brazil
- India
- China
- Thailand
- Pakistan
Largest Sugarcane Producing State in India:
- Uttar Pradesh
Major Producing States:
- Uttar Pradesh
- Maharashtra
- Karnataka
- Tamil Nadu
- Bihar
- Haryana
Climate Requirement
जलवायु
Sugarcane is a tropical and subtropical crop.
गन्ना उष्णकटिबंधीय एवं उपोष्णकटिबंधीय जलवायु की फसल है।
| Stage | Temperature |
|---|---|
| Germination | 32–38°C |
| Growth | 20–30°C |
| Ripening | 12–14°C |
Rainfall Requirement:
- 100–150 cm rainfall is ideal.
Harmful Conditions:
- Frost is harmful for sugarcane.
Soil Requirement
मिट्टी
Sugarcane grows best in fertile deep soils.
Suitable Soils:
- Loam soil
- Clay loam soil
- Alluvial soil
Soil pH:
- 6.5–7.5
Special Feature:
- Good drainage is essential.
Sugarcane Research Institutes
गन्ना अनुसंधान संस्थान
1. SBI
Full Form:
Sugarcane Breeding Institute
Location:
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
Importance:
Premier sugarcane research institute in India.
2. IISR
Full Form:
Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research
Location:
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
Importance:
Research on sugarcane production technology.
3. ICAR
Full Form:
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Role:
Coordinates sugarcane research programs in India.
4. ISSCT
Full Form:
International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists
Importance:
International organization for sugarcane improvement and technology.
Seasons of Sugarcane Cultivation
गन्ना खेती के मौसम
| Season | Time |
|---|---|
| Autumn Planting | Sept–Oct |
| Spring Planting | Feb–March |
Propagation
प्रवर्धन
Sugarcane is propagated vegetatively through stem cuttings called setts.
गन्ने की खेती तनों के टुकड़ों (Setts) द्वारा की जाती है।
Types of Setts:
- Two budded sett
- Three budded sett
Land Preparation
खेत की तैयारी
- Deep ploughing required
- 2–3 harrowings
- Proper leveling necessary
Seed Rate and Planting
बीज दर एवं रोपण
Seed Rate:
- 35,000–45,000 three budded setts/ha
Planting Methods:
- Flat method
- Furrow method
- Trench method
- Ring pit method
Most Common Method:
- Ridge and furrow method
Fertilizer Management
उर्वरक प्रबंधन
Sugarcane is a heavy feeder crop.
गन्ना अधिक पोषक तत्वों की मांग करने वाली फसल है।
Recommended NPK:
- 150:60:60 kg/ha (varies regionally)
Major Nutrient:
- Nitrogen
Organic Sources:
- FYM
- Press mud
- Green manure
Irrigation Management
सिंचाई प्रबंधन
Sugarcane requires large quantity of water.
Critical Stages:
- Germination
- Tillering
- Grand growth phase
Water Saving Technique:
- Drip irrigation
Benefits of Drip:
- Water saving
- Higher yield
- Fertigation possible
Intercropping in Sugarcane
गन्ने में अंतरवर्तीय फसलें
Common Intercrops:
- Potato
- Mustard
- Gram
- Onion
- Pea
Weed Management
खरपतवार नियंत्रण
Common Weeds:
- Cyperus rotundus
- Cynodon dactylon
- Parthenium
Herbicides:
- Atrazine
- 2,4-D
Important Sugarcane Varieties
गन्ने की प्रमुख किस्में
| Variety | Feature |
|---|---|
| Co-0238 | High yield |
| Co-86032 | Popular variety |
| CoJ-64 | North India suitable |
| CoC-671 | South India suitable |
Ratoon Cropping
रैटून फसल
Ratoon crop grows from underground stubbles after harvesting the main crop.
Advantages:
- Lower cultivation cost
- Early maturity
- Better profitability
Diseases of Sugarcane
गन्ने के प्रमुख रोग
1. Red Rot
Pathogen:
- Colletotrichum falcatum
Symptoms:
- Red discoloration inside cane
Control:
- Resistant varieties
- Seed treatment
2. Smut Disease
Pathogen:
- Ustilago scitaminea
Symptoms:
- Black whip-like structure
3. Wilt Disease
Symptoms:
- Drying of canes
Insect Pests of Sugarcane
गन्ने के प्रमुख कीट
1. Early Shoot Borer
Damage:
- Dead heart symptom
2. Pyrilla
Damage:
- Sap sucking insect
3. White Grub
Damage:
- Root feeding pest
Harvesting
कटाई
Harvesting Time:
- 10–18 months after planting
Signs of Maturity:
- Dry lower leaves
- Sweet juice
- Hard canes
Yield of Sugarcane
गन्ने की उपज
| Type | Yield |
|---|---|
| Traditional | 50–60 t/ha |
| Improved Varieties | 80–120 t/ha |
Uses of Sugarcane
गन्ने के उपयोग
- Sugar production
- Jaggery
- Ethanol
- Molasses
- Paper industry
- Electricity generation
Sugar Industry By-products
चीनी उद्योग के उप-उत्पाद
Bagasse:
Used for paper and electricity.
Molasses:
Used for alcohol and ethanol production.
Press Mud:
Used as organic manure.
Modern Technologies in Sugarcane Cultivation
गन्ना उत्पादन की आधुनिक तकनीकें
Technologies:
- Drip irrigation
- Precision farming
- Tissue culture seedlings
- Mechanized harvesting
- Sustainable sugarcane initiative (SSI)
Important One Liner Questions
महत्वपूर्ण वन लाइनर प्रश्न
- Scientific name of sugarcane – Saccharum officinarum
- Family of sugarcane – Poaceae
- Largest sugarcane producer state – Uttar Pradesh
- SBI located at Coimbatore
- IISR located at Lucknow
- Red rot caused by Colletotrichum falcatum
- Sugarcane propagated through setts
- Co-0238 is popular variety
- Drip irrigation saves water in sugarcane
- Sugarcane is a long duration crop
Conclusion
निष्कर्ष
Sugarcane is one of the most important commercial crops contributing significantly to agriculture and industry. Scientific cultivation practices, improved varieties, balanced fertilization, proper irrigation, and pest management are essential for higher productivity and profitability.
गन्ना भारत की प्रमुख व्यावसायिक फसल है। वैज्ञानिक खेती, उन्नत किस्में, संतुलित उर्वरक उपयोग एवं उचित सिंचाई प्रबंधन से इसकी उत्पादकता एवं लाभ बढ़ाया जा सकता है।
Questions are good